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Android Studio 4. Check out the Kotlin 1. For more information, see Emulator Environment Variables. This section describes known issues that exist in Android Studio 4. For a complete list, go to the Known issues page. If you are using Android Studio 4. As a workaround, replace "1.

Starting with version 4. This update causes an underlying behavior change related to signing keys. Studio tries to import previous. To work around this issue, we recommend commenting out custom options in. If Studio still doesn't start after trying this workaround, see Studio doesn't start after upgrade below. Inspect, query, and modify your databases in your running app using the new Database Inspector.

To learn more, see Debug your database with the Database Inspector. You can now run the Android Emulator directly in Android Studio. Use this feature to conserve screen real estate, to navigate quickly between the emulator and the editor window using hotkeys, and to organize your IDE and emulator workflow in a single application window. To learn more, see the Android Emulator documentation. ML Model Binding makes it easy for you to directly import. Android Studio generates easy-to-use classes so you can run your model with less code and better type safety.

The current implementation of ML Model Binding supports image classification and style transfer models, provided they are enhanced with metadata. Over time, support will be expanded to other problem domains, like object detection, image segmentation, and text classification.

A wide range of pre-trained models with metadata are provided on TensorFlow Hub. To see the details for an imported model and get instructions on how to use it in your app, double-click the model file in your project to open the model viewer page, which shows the following:.

As the example demonstrates, Android Studio creates a class called MobilenetVQuantized for interacting with the model. If the model does not have metadata , this screen will only provide minimal information. This feature is still under development, so please provide feedback or report bugs.

With the Native Memory Profiler, you can record memory allocations and deallocations from native code and inspect cumulative statistics about native objects.

Support for profiling Android 11 devices is currently available in the 4. As of the initial 4. This option will be enabled in an upcoming release. As a workaround, you can use the Perfetto standalone command-line profiler to capture startup profiles. Box selection: In the Threads section, you can now drag your mouse to perform a box selection of a rectangular area, which you can zoom into by clicking the Zoom to Selection button on the top right or use the M keyboard shortcut.

When you drag and drop similar threads next to each other, you can select across multiple threads to inspect all of them at once. For example, you may want to perform analysis on multiple worker threads. Summary tab: The new Summary tab in the Analysis panel displays:. With the new standalone profilers, it's now possible to profile your app without running the full Android Studio IDE. For instructions on using the standalone profilers, see Run standalone profilers.

Android Studio makes it easier to navigate between your Dagger-related code by providing new gutter actions and extending support in the Find Usages window. New gutter actions: For projects that use Dagger, the IDE provides gutter actions that help you navigate between your Dagger-annotated code. For example, clicking on the gutter action next to a method that consumes a given type navigates you to the provider of that type. Conversely, clicking on the gutter action navigates you to where a type is used as a dependency.

Find Usages node: When you invoke Find Usages on a provider of a given type, the Find window now includes a Dependency consumer s node that lists consumers of that type. Conversely, invoking this action on a consumer of a Dagger-injected dependency, the Find window shows you the provider of that dependency.

Updates include:. Check out the 1. When creating a custom view for example, by extending the View or Button class , Android Studio now shows you a preview of your custom view. Use the dropdown menu in the toolbar to switch between multiple custom views, or click the buttons to wrap vertically or horizontally to the content.

When a crash or ANR occurs in native code, the system produces a stack trace, which is a snapshot of the sequence of nested functions called in your program up to the moment it crashed.

These snapshots can help you to identify and fix any problems in the source, but they must first be symbolicated to translate the machine addresses back into human-readable function names. The Play Console uses these debug symbols files to symbolicate your app's stack traces, making it easier to analyze crashes and ANRs.

To learn how to upload debug symbols files, see Native crash support. To help you be more productive as you iterate on your app, we've made the following enhancements to Apply Changes for devices running Android 11 Developer Preview 3 or higher:.

We've invested heavily in optimizing your iteration speed by developing a method to deploy and persist changes on a device without installing the application. After an initial deploy, subsequent deploys to Android 11 devices using either Apply Code Changes or Apply Changes and Restart Activity are now significantly faster.

To learn more about the difference between these two actions, see Apply Changes. For devices running Android 11 Developer Preview 3 or higher, you can now add methods and then deploy those changes to your running app by clicking either Apply Code Changes or Apply Changes and Restart Activity.

This minor update includes various bug fixes, as well as support for new default settings for Package visibility in Android For more information, see the release notes for Android Gradle plugin 4. To see a list of notable bug fixes for this release, read the related post on the Release Updates blog. Important: After updating, you need to restart Android Studio to apply any memory settings migrated from an earlier version of the IDE.

For more information, see the Known Issues page. The latest version of the Android Gradle plugin includes many updates, such as Java 8 desugaring for older versions of Android and feature-on-feature dependencies.

Additionally, Android Studio now includes new features to help you improve your build performance. When using Android Studio 4. To open the Build Analyzer window, proceed as follows:.

The Build Analyzer window organizes possible build issues in a tree on the left. You can inspect and click on each issue to investigate its details in the panel on the right.

You can also get details on warnings by expanding the Warnings node. This means that you can now include standard language APIs that were available only in recent Android releases such as java. Note that you may also need to include the above code snippet in a library module 's build. The library module's instrumented tests use these language APIs either directly or through the library module or its dependencies.

You want to run lint on the library module in isolation. This is to help lint recognize valid usages of the language APIs and avoid reporting false warnings. In previous versions of the Android Gradle plugin, all feature modules could depend only on the app's base module. When using Android Gradle plugin 4. That is, a :video feature can depend on the :camera feature, which depends on the base module, as shown in the figure below.

Feature module :video depends on feature :camera , which depends on the base :app module. This means that when your app requests to download a feature module, the app also downloads other feature modules it depends on. For example, the :video module declares a dependency on :camera as follows:. When building your app using Android Gradle plugin 4.

When uploading your app, the Play Console inspects this metadata to provide you with the following benefits:. The data is compressed, encrypted by a Google Play signing key, and stored in the signing block of your release app. When used with Android Studio, certain IDE features, such as the Project Structure dialog and build script quick fixes, now also support reading and writing to Kotlin build script files.

Based on your feedback, we've focused our efforts on improving the user experience in the CPU Profiler in two important ways. Some notable UI changes include the following:. This version of Android Studio includes updates to the design tools, such as the Layout Inspector and an all-new Motion Editor.

Android Studio now includes a visual design editor for the MotionLayout layout type, making it easier to create and preview animations. The Motion Editor provides a simple interface for manipulating elements from the MotionLayout library that serves as the foundation for animation in Android apps. In previous releases, creating and altering these elements required manually editing constraints in XML resource files.

Now, the Motion Editor can generate this XML for you, with support for start and end states, keyframes, transitions, and timelines. To learn more about how to use the Motion Editor, see the user guide. Along with many of the same features of the existing Layout Inspector, the Live Layout Inspector also includes:.

You can use the Live Layout Inspector only when deploying your app to a device or emulator running API level 29 or higher. Then click the checkbox next to Live updates above the Layout Display. Layout Validation is a visual tool for simultaneously previewing layouts on different devices and configurations, helping you detect layout errors and create more accessible apps.

You can access this feature by clicking on the Layout Validation tab in the top-right corner of the IDE window:. In the Layout Validation window, you can select from four different configuration sets, including:. Android Studio now provides smart editor features when you open code shrinker rules files for R8, such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and error checking.

The editor also integrates with your Android Studio project to provide full symbol completion for all classes, methods, and fields, and includes quick navigation and refactoring.

Android Studio now includes Android live templates for your Kotlin classes. For example, you can now type toast and press the Tab key to quickly insert a Toast. To learn more about developing for Android 11, see the Android 11 documentation. The value for ndk. To learn more about the improvements from other IntelliJ versions that are included cumulatively with version We'd also like to thank all of our community contributors who have helped with this release.

This version of Android Studio includes updates to several design tools, including the Layout Editor and Resource Manager. Design editors, such as the Layout Editor and Navigation Editor, now provide a Split view that enables you to see both the Design and Code views of your UI at the same time.

In the top-right corner of the editor window, there are now three buttons for toggling between viewing options:. The controls for zooming and panning within design editors have moved to a floating panel in the bottom-right corner of the editor window. To help you quickly update color resource values in your app when you're using the color picker in your XML or the design tools, the IDE now populates color resource values for you.

The latest version of the Android Gradle plugin includes many updates, including optimizations for build speed, support for the Maven publishing plugin, and support for View Binding. To learn more, read the full release notes. View binding allows you to more easily write code that interacts with views by generating a binding class for each XML layout file.

These classes contain direct references to all views that have an ID in the corresponding layout. Because it replaces findViewById , view binding eliminates the risk of null pointer exceptions resulting from an invalid view ID. To enable view binding, you need to use Android Gradle plugin 3.

You can now add a class and then deploy that code change to your running app by clicking either Apply Code Changes or Apply Changes and Restart Activity.

You can now instant-enable your base module at any time after creating your app project as follows:. To learn more, read Overview of Google Play Instant. Automatically create a stub implementation function for a JNI declaration.

Unused native implementation functions are highlighted as a warning in the source code. JNI declarations with missing implementations are also highlighted as an error.

When you rename refactor a native implementation function, all corresponding JNI declarations are updated. Rename a JNI declaration to update the native implementation function.

The code editor in Android Studio now supports a more seamless JNI development workflow, including improved type hints, auto-completion, inspections, and code refactoring. Android Studio detects changes in the APK and gives you the option to re-import it. When analyzing a heap dump in the Memory Profiler, you can now filter profiling data that Android Studio thinks might indicate memory leaks for Activity and Fragment instances in your app.

To use this feature, first capture a heap dump or import a heap dump file into Android Studio. Filtering a heap dump for memory leaks. Android Studio 3. Android Emulator When you open the Emulators Extended controls , options in the Location tab are now organized under two tabs: Single points and Routes. In the Single points tab, you can use the Google Maps webview to search for points of interest, just as you would when using Google Maps on a phone or browser.

When you search for or click on a location in the map, you can save the location by selecting Save point near the bottom of the map. All of your saved locations are listed on the right side of the Extended controls window. To set the Emulators location to the location you have selected on the map, click the Set location button near the bottom right of the Extended controls window. Similar to the Single points tab, the Routes tab provides a Google Maps webview that you can use to create a route between two or more locations.

To create and save a route, do the following:. To simulate the Emulator following the route you saved, select the route from the list of Saved routes and click Play route near the bottom right of the Extended controls window. To stop the simulation, click Stop route. To continuously simulate the Emulator following the specified route, enable the switch next to Repeat playback.

To change how quickly the Emulator follows the specified route, select an option from the Playback speed dropdown. The Android Emulator now allows you to deploy your app to multiple displays, which support customizable dimensions and can help you test apps that support multi-window and multi-display. While a virtual device is running, you can add up to two additional displays as follows:. Click Apply changes to add the specified display s to the running virtual device. When you create a new project using Android Studio, you can now select from three templates from the Automotive tab in the Create New Project wizard: No Activity , Media service , and Messaging service.

The Create New Module wizard then guides you through creating a new module using one of the Android Automotive project templates. When downloading SDK components and tools using the SDK Manager, Android Studio now allows you to resume downloads that were interrupted for example, due to a network issue instead of restarting the download from the beginning. This enhancement is especially helpful for large downloads, such as the Android Emulator or system images, when internet connectivity is unreliable.

In addition, if you have an SDK download task running in the background, you can now pause or resume the download using the controls in the status bar. A background download task in the status bar with new controls that let you pause or resume the download. The Windows bit version of Android Studio will no longer receive updates after December , and it will no longer receive support after December You can continue to use Android Studio. However, to receive additional updates, upgrade your workstation to a bit version of Windows.

To learn more, read the Windows bit depreciation blog. For large projects, retrieving the task list could cause slow sync times. When you enable this option, Android Studio skips building the task list during sync, which allows Gradle Sync to complete faster and improves UI responsiveness. Keep in mind, when the IDE skips building the task list, the task lists in the Gradle panel are empty, and task name auto-completion in build files does not work.

Then, near the top of the Gradle window, click Toggle Offline Mode. Thank you to all of our community contributors who have helped us discover bugs and other ways to improve Android Studio 3. In particular, we'd like to thank the following people who reported bugs:. Beginning with the release of Android Studio 3. For information about these and other Project Marble updates, read the Android Developers blog post or the sections below. We also want to thank all of our community contributors who have helped with this release.

This minor update includes various bug fixes and performance improvements. This section describes the changes in Android Studio 3. Android Studio now notifies you if it detects that you could improve performance by increasing the maximum amount of RAM that your OS should allocate for Android Studio processes, such as the core IDE, Gradle daemon, and Kotlin daemon.

To learn more, see Maximum heap size. A notification about recommended memory settings. Memory problems in Android Studio are sometimes difficult to reproduce and report. When you do so, the IDE locally sanitizes the data for personal information before asking whether you want to send it to the Android Studio team to help identify the source of the memory issues.

To learn more, see Run a memory usage report. A memory usage report. Android Studio now automatically checks whether certain project directories are excluded from real-time antivirus scanning.

When adjustments can be made to improve build performance, Android Studio notifies you and provides instructions on how to optimize your antivirus configuration. To learn more, see Minimize the impact of antivirus software on build speed. Apply Changes lets you push code and resource changes to your running app without restarting your app—and, in some cases, without restarting the current activity.

Unlike Instant Run, which rewrote the bytecode of your APK, Apply Changes redefines classes on the fly by leveraging the runtime instrumentation supported in Android 8. The toolbar buttons for Apply Changes. The IDE has a new drop-down menu that lets you quickly select which device you'd like to deploy your app to.

This menu also includes a new option that lets you run your app on multiple devices at once. Target device drop-down menu. The IDE now better detects when Gradle periodically clears your build cache when reducing its hard disk consumption. In previous versions, this state caused the IDE to report missing dependencies and Gradle sync to fail.

Now, the IDE simply downloads dependencies as needed to ensure that Gradle sync completes successfully. The Build window now provides better error reporting, such as a link to the file and line of the reported error, for the following build processes:. Improved update experience to provide more information and actions to help you update the IDE and the Android Gradle plugin.

For example, more sync and build errors include actions to help you mitigate errors when updating. So, you can safely update the IDE as soon as a newer version is available, and update other components later. When working with ConstraintLayout , a new Constraints section in the Attributes panel lists the constraints relationships of the selected UI component. You can select a constraint either from the design surface or from the constraints list to highlight the constraint in both areas.

Constraint relationships for a selected UI element. Similarly, you can now delete a constraint by selecting it and pressing the Delete key. You can also delete a constraint by holding the Control key Command on macOS and clicking on the constraint anchor.

Note that when you hold the Control or Command key and hover over an anchor, any associated constraints turn red to indicate that you can click to delete them. When you create a new constraint, the Layout Editor now selects and highlights the constraint, providing immediate visual feedback for what you've just added. Using the constraint widget to create constraints. When creating a constraint, the Layout Editor now shows only the eligible anchor points to which you can constrain. Previously, the Layout Editor highlighted all anchor points on all views, regardless of whether you could constrain to them.

In addition, a blue overlay now highlights the target of the constraint. This highlighting is particularly useful when attempting to constrain to a component that overlaps with another. Creating a constraint for an overlapping component in Android Studio 3. In addition to the above updates, Android Studio 3. In addition to adding incremental annotation processing support for Data Binding, the IDE improves smart editor features and performance when creating data binding expressions in XML.

Code editor performance on Android Studio 3. This feature simplifies build configuration per module and can also improve Gradle sync performance. You can now use multiple versions of the NDK side-by-side. This feature gives you more flexibility when configuring your projects—for example, if you have projects that use different versions of the NDK on the same machine. If your project uses Android Gradle plugin 3. You can use this feature to create reproducible builds and to mitigate incompatibilities between NDK versions and the Android Gradle plugin.

To get started, download Android Studio on your compatible Chrome OS device and follow the installation instructions. Conditional delivery allows you to set certain device configuration requirements for feature modules to be downloaded automatically during app install. For example, you can configure a feature module that includes functionality for augmented reality AR to be available at app install for only devices that support AR.

This delivery mechanism currently supports controlling the download of a module at app install-time based on the following device configurations:.

If a device does not meet all the requirements you specify, the module is not downloaded at app install-time. However, your app may later request to download the module on demand using the Play Core Library. To learn more, read Configure conditional delivery. The last IntelliJ version that was included with Android Studio was For more information about the improvements from other IntelliJ versions that are included cumulatively with this release of Android Studio, see the following bug-fix updates:.

In particular, we'd like to thank the following people who reported P0 and P1 bugs:. The new Project Structure Dialog PSD makes it easier to update dependencies and configure different aspects of your project, such as modules, build variants, signing configurations, and build variables. You can find descriptions of some of the new and updated sections of the PSD below. The new variables section of the PSD allows you to create and manage build variables, such as those to keep version numbers for dependencies consistent across your project.

Configure properties that are applied to all build variants in an existing module or add new modules to your project from the Modules section. For example, this is where you can configure defaultConfig properties or manage signing configurations. Inspect and visualize each dependency in the dependency graph of your project, as resolved by Gradle during project sync, by following these steps:.

Depending on the type of dependency you select, you should see a dialog, similar to the one below, that helps you add the dependency to the module. In this section of the PSD, create and configure build variants and product flavors for each module in your project. You can add manifest placeholders, add ProGuard files, and assign signing keys, and more. See suggested updates for project dependencies and build variables in the Suggestions section, as shown below.

Resource Manager is a new tool window for importing, creating, managing, and using resources in your app. The Resource Manager allows you to do the following:. To learn more, read the guide about how to Manage app resources. When you provide debugging symbol files for the.

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See the Using Hardware Devices documentation. Check the troubleshooting section in the Android Studio documentation. When you created the project and selected Basic Activity , Android Studio set up a number of files, folders, and also user interface elements for you, so you can start out with a working app and major components in place. This makes it easier to build your application. Looking at your app on the emulator or your device, in addition to the Next button, notice the floating action button with an email icon.

If you tap that button, you'll see it has been set up to briefly show a message at the bottom of the screen. This message space is called a snackbar , and it's one of several ways to notify users of your app with brief information.

At the top right of the screen, there's a menu with 3 vertical dots. If you tap on that, you'll see that Android Studio has also created an options menu with a Settings item.

Choosing Settings doesn't do anything yet, but having it set up for you makes it easier to add user-configurable settings to your app. Later in this codelab, you'll look at the Next button and modify the way it looks and what it does. Generally, each screen in your Android app is associated with one or more fragments. The single screen displaying "Hello first fragment" is created by one fragment, called FirstFragment.

This was generated for you when you created your new project. Each visible fragment in an Android app has a layout that defines the user interface for the fragment. Android Studio has a layout editor where you can create and define layouts. Layouts are defined in XML. The layout editor lets you define and modify your layout either by coding XML or by using the interactive visual editor. Every element in a layout is a view. In this task, you will explore some of the panels in the layout editor, and you will learn how to change property of views.

The panels to the right of the Project view comprise the Layout Editor. They may be arranged differently in your version of Android Studio, but the function is the same. Below that is a Component Tree 2 showing the views currently in this file, and how they are arranged in relation to each other. In the center is the Design editor 3 , which shows a visual representation of what the contents of the file will look like when compiled into an Android app.

You can view the visual representation, the XML code, or both. Split view:. The Design layout on the left shows how your app appears on the device. The Blueprint layout , shown on the right, is a schematic view of the layout. Depending on the size of your screen and your preference, you may wish to only show the Design view or the Blueprint view, instead of both.

This panel shows the view hierarchy in your layout, that is, how the views are arranged in relation to each other. If necessary, resize the Component Tree so you can read at least part of the strings.

Click the Hide icon at the top right of the Component Tree. The Component Tree closes. Bring back the Component Tree by clicking the vertical label Component Tree on the left. Every layout must have a root view that contains all the other views.

The root view is always a view group , which is a view that contains other views. A ConstraintLayout is one example of a view group. A menu pops up with possible completion values containing the letter g. This list includes predefined colors. So far you have learned how to change property values. Next, you will learn how to create more resources like the string resources you worked with earlier.

Using resources enables you to use the same values in multiple places, or to define values and have the UI update automatically whenever the value is changed. The colors. So far, three colors have been defined. These are the colors you can see in your app layout, for example, purple for the app bar. The Android framework defines a range of colors, including white, so you don't have to define white yourself.

In the layout editor, you can see that the TextView now has a dark blue background, and the text is displayed in white. A Color can be defined as 3 hexadecimal numbers FF, or representing the red, blue, and green RGB components. The color you just added is yellow. Notice that the colors corresponding to the code are displayed in the left margin of the editor.

When included, the alpha value is the first of 4 hexadecimal numbers ARGB. The alpha value is a measure of transparency. It shows a list of colors defined in colors. Click the Custom tab to choose a custom color with an interactive color chooser. Now that you have a new screen background color, you will use it to explore the effects of changing the width and height properties of views. The ConstraintLayout is the root view of this Fragment , so the "parent" layout size is effectively the size of your screen.

The width and height show 0dp , and the text moves to the upper left, while the TextView expands to match the ConstraintLayout except for the button. The button and the text view are at the same level in the view hierarchy inside the constraint layout, so they share space.

In this task, you will add two more buttons to your user interface, and update the existing button, as shown below. These properties define the position of the TextView. Read them carefully. You can constrain the top, bottom, left, and right of a view to the top, bottom, left, and right of other views.

The square represents the selected view. Each of the grey dots represents a constraint, to the top, bottom, left, and right; for this example, from the TextView to its parent, the ConstraintLayout , or to the Next button for the bottom constraint.

Notice that the blueprint and design views also show the constraints when a particular view is selected. Some of the constraints are jagged lines, but the one to the Next button is a squiggle, because it's a little different.

You'll learn more about that in a bit. To learn how to use constraints to connect the positions of views to each other, you will add buttons to the layout. Your first goal is to add a button and some constraints, and change the constraints on the Next button. You will now constrain the top of the button to the bottom of the TextView. The Button moves up to sit just below the TextView because the top of the button is now constrained to the bottom of the TextView. Before adding another button, relabel this button so things are a little clearer about which button is which.

You will adjust the button labeled Next , which Android Studio created for you when you created the project. The constraint between it and the TextView looks a little different, a wavy line instead of a jagged one, with no arrow. This indicates a chain , where the constraints link two or more objects to each other, instead of just one to another. For now, you'll delete the chained constraints and replace them with regular constraints. It may seem like the views are jumping around a lot, but that's normal as you add and remove constraints.

You now know how to create new string resources by extracting them from existing field values. You can also add new resources to the strings. And you know how to change the id of a view.

The Next button already has its text in a string resource, but you'll make some changes to the button to match its new role, which will be to generate and display a random number. Your final layout will have three buttons, vertically constrained the same, and evenly spaced from each other. The "bias" constraints allows you to tweak the position of a view to be more on one side than the other when both sides are constrained in opposite directions. For example, if both the top and bottom sides of a view are constrained to the top and bottom of the screen, you can use a vertical bias to place the view more towards the top than the bottom.

Here is the XML code for the finished layout. Your layout might have different margins and perhaps some different vertical or horizontal bias constraints. The exact values of the attributes for the appearance of the TextView might be different for your app.

The next task is to make the buttons do something when they are pressed. First, you need to get the UI ready. The errors occur because the buttons have changed their id and now these constraints are referencing non-existent views. If you have these errors, fix them by updating the id of the buttons in the constraints that are underlined in red. Your app's layout is now basically complete, but its appearance can be improved with a few small changes.

One way to do this is to use the Constraint Widget in the Attributes panel. The number on each side is the margin on that side of the selected view. Type 24 in the field and press Enter. When you remove the background, the view background becomes transparent.

Increase the text size of the TextView to 72sp. If you implemented all the updates, your app will look like the following figure. If you used different colors and fonts, then your app will look a bit different. You have added buttons to your app's main screen, but currently the buttons do nothing.

In this task, you will make your buttons respond when the user presses them. First you will make the Toast button show a pop-up message called a toast. Next you will make the Count button update the number that is displayed in the TextView.

To make your life easier, you can enable auto-imports so that Android Studio automatically imports any classes that are needed by the Java code. Close the settings editor by pressing OK. In this step, you will attach a Java method to the Toast button to show a toast when the user presses the button. A toast is a short message that appears briefly at the bottom of the screen.

This class has only two methods, onCreateView and onViewCreated. These methods execute when the fragment starts. As mentioned earlier, the id for a view helps you identify that view distinctly from other views. Take a look at onViewCreated. You have learned that to make a view interactive you need to set up a click listener for the view which says what to do when the view button is clicked on.

The click listener can either:. The method that shows the toast is very simple; it does not interact with any other views in the layout. In the next step, you add behavior to your layout to find and update other views.

Update the Count button so that when it is pressed, the number on the screen increases by 1. However, countMe is called every time the button is clicked, and findViewById is a relatively time consuming method to call. So it is better to find the view once and cache it. Here is the whole method and the declaration of showCountTextView :. So far, you've focused on the first screen of your app.

Next, you will update the Random button to display a random number between 0 and the current count on a second screen. The screen for the new fragment will display a heading title and the random number. The R is just a placeholder.

This TextView is constrained on all edges, so it's better to use a vertical bias than margins to adjust the vertical position, to help the layout look good on different screen sizes and orientations. If you get a warning "Not Horizontally Constrained," add a constraint from the start of the button to the left side of the screen and the end of the button to the right side of the screen. Your app now has a completed layout for the second fragment. But if you run your app and press the Random button, it may crash.

The click handler that Android Studio set up for that button needs some changes. In the next task, you will explore and fix this error. When you created your project, you chose Basic Activity as the template for the new project. When Android Studio uses the Basic Activity template for a new project, it sets up two fragments, and a navigation graph to connect the two.

It also set up a button to send a string argument from the first fragment to the second. This is the button you changed into the Random button. And now you want to send a number instead of a string. A screen similar to the Layout Editor in Design view appears. It shows the two fragments with some arrows between them. After a few moments, Android Studio should display a message in the Sync tab that it was successful:.

The Arguments section shows Nothing to show. In this step you'll change it to send a number for the current count. You will get the current count from the text view that displays it, and pass that to the second fragment. You have written the code to send the current count to the second fragment. The next step is to add code to SecondFragment. The intention of this codelab was to get you started building Android apps. We hope you want to know a lot more though, like how do I save data?

How do I run background tasks? How do I display a list of photos?